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Modesta Lavana
Modesta Lavana Pérez (February 24, 1929 - December 13, 2010) was an indigenous Nahua healer and activist from the town of Hueyapan, Morelos, Mexico. She was recognized as an important activist for indigenous rights and women's rights in Morelos, where she worked as a healer and as a legal translator of the Nahuatl language for the state of Morelos.〔Adalberto Ríos Szalay. 1997. The State of Morelos: Mexico. Reproducciones Fotomecanicas〕〔http://hormega.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/volver-al-viento-72/〕〔http://magiasdemexico-julie.blogspot.com/2012/07/lideres-y-chamanes-de-mexico.html〕 She was also an authority on local ethnobotany,〔Bernardo Baytelman, Eliana Albala. 1993. Acerca de Plantas y de Curanderos: Etnobotánica y Antropología Médica en el Estado de Morelos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Jan 1, 1993〕〔Alejandro Chao Barona. 2002. Tierra, agua y maiz: realidad y utopia, II. Universidad Autońoma del Estado de Morelos, 2002〕 and on the usage of the temazcal sweat bath.〔Lourdes Arizpe. 2009. El patrimonio cultural inmaterial de México: ritos y festividades. Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Cámara de Diputados, LX Legislatura, Consejo Editorial〕 Her traditional wool weavings on the backstrap loom were well known within the state of Morelos, and received many prizes.〔http://www2.morelos.gob.mx/?q=version-estenografica-del-gobernador-graco-ramirez-durante-la-inauguracion-de-la-feria-hueyapan-2013〕〔http://periodicoelsuriano.blogspot.com/2010/12/descanse-en-paz-dona-modesta.html〕
As a child, as was common in that period, she was punished for speaking her native Nahuatl language in school,〔Yolanda Chávez Leyva. "In ixtli in yóllotl/ a face and a heart: Listening to the Ancestors", ''Studies in American Indian Literatures'', Series 2, Vol. 15, No. 3/4 (Fall 2003/Winter 2004), pp. 96-127〕〔http://www.festivalmedicinatradicional.org/homenaje.html〕 but she kept speaking it and eventually became a translator helping other speakers access their rights in the legal system of the state of Morelos. She is cited as a source of linguistic data in several articles about the variety of Nahuatl spoken in Hueyapan, Morelos.〔Johansson, Patrick, Johansson, Patrick. 1989. El sistema de expresion reverencial en Hueyapan, Morelos. Tlalocan XI. 149-162〕
She was trained as a nurse and was responsible for much of the medical treatment of the inhabitants of Hueyapan administering injections, treating wounds and delivering babies in her home, until the construction of an official clinic.〔Friedlander, Judith. 1975. ''Being Indian in Hueyapan: A Study of Forced Identity in Contemporary Mexico''. New York: Saint Martin's Press.〕 In 1977, with the anthropologist Laurencia Alvarez, she published an account of her own experience with the folk-illness susto, which has come to be frequently cited within the literature on this illness.〔Alvarez, Laurencia, and Modesta Lavana. "Un Caso de Pérdida de la Sombra." América Indígena 37.2 (1977): 457-463.〕〔Viesca Treviño, Carlos, and Tiahoga Ruge S. "Aspectos psiquiátricos y psicológicos del susto." Anales de Antropología. Vol. 22. No. 1. 2010.〕〔Arthur J. Rubel, Carl W. O’nell, Rolando Collado. 1985. The Folk Illness Called Susto. The Culture-Bound Syndromes: Culture, Illness, and Healing Volume 7, 1985, pp 333-350〕〔http://www.portalfio.org/inicio/noticias/item/5767-morelos-cdhmor-reconoce-trayectoria-de-modesta-lavana-int%C3%A9rprete-nahuatl-y-luchadora-por-los-ddhh.html〕〔Laurencia Álvarez Heydenreich, Jacques Galinier. 1987. La Enfermedad y la cosmovisión en Hueyapan, Morelos. Instituto Nacional Indigenista.〕
==Bibliography==
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